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Jn iWemoriam 




ORDER OF ST. URSULA. 



Pretiosa in conspectu Domini mors Sanc- 
torum ejus. Ps. 115: 15. 



(Jl^arleslofon : 

ADVERTISER PRESS. 
1876. 



[/CZgg- f ^3f^^-^ ^ Wa^JgWP T ar-:!^ ^aT- f l-^ ■ ^ ^aV f t^Bu -Flgg^ 



®i)e ^rsuUnes* 




l^Cimta, 



HOBERT CaKVER.' 



WiLMAM CaUVEH. 

Marrieil Kliziibetli Tos 
tcr, .Ian. 18, 1()82. 



EzuKiEL Carver. Kmzauth (". 
B. 1705. H. ITdJ 

D. ]74:{. 1). 17.-.1 



.fOHN. 
MM Eli/.abetli Carver, 

17'JL'. 

I 
I 



John. 

B. 172;i. 

M'd Kuth Wliitiicy, 1742 



KZUKIEL. 

B. 172.'). 

MM Mary Parr, 1743. 



Makv Ue Costa. Ezekiel Carver. 

B. n.w. 

MM Rebecca Hicldiiig, 



5e Costa, 



<AAC De COSTA. 
MM Marv Temple, 



Abraham Temple. 

Concord, M>.s 
MM Deborah Hadlocli 



Temple. 

Md Mary Smitber, 1734. 

Ann King, 1742. 



Temple. 
MM 

jYiha De Costa. 



Jonathan Rouse. 
MM Ester Hall, 17,50. 



.Jonathan Rouse. 
MM Mary Griffin, 175.5. 



Martha. 

B. I7;«. 

MM Jusluia Davis, 185.!. 



Joseph. 
D. 1782. 
MM Catharine • 



tMARV Rebecca Theresa. Ezekiel Carver. 
B. April Ki, 1788. B. Sept. 1 1 • ;. 

D. September 25, 1874. MM Elizabeth Jackson 

Dec. 10, 1820. 



.James Jackson, Marv Rebecca. Ezekiel Carver. William Hickling Benjamin Franklin Geoijue Washi 

D. .Inly 5, 18311. D. Aug. <>, lt*40. Married Miirried 

Ann Angusta Dennen. Harriet Spencer Locke 



Elizabeth Carver. William Hicklini; 



Mary Temple. 



•Marshfield lfi,S8. 

Freeman 1644. 

Died Bo.'iton, l(i80, 

Aged 95 yrs. 



tSister Ste. Claire. 



NOTE.— This brief ontline is given to correct .serious errors that appeared in a chart prepared some time since, for which 
the author is not responsible. The.se errors particulailv concerned the marriages in the sixth generation shown in thiB s.tetcB. 
It may also be noted that all niembeis of the last two generations are now living, except those two marked deceased. ■ 

^ New York, August 21st, 1870. 



ILLTAM CARVEK. 

rrieil Elizabeth Fos- 
,er, Jan. IS, 1(}82. 
Died 1759. 



' 






EK. ELIZABTH CAKVEB 
B. 1702. 
D. 1751. 


"^ 


— 


John. 


1722. 

1 

1 






;, 


EZEKTEL. 

B. 1725. 
M'd Mary Parr, 


1743. 


Isaac. 
B. 1728. 


/ 




— '• > 



LYi 



RY De Costa. 



EzEKiEL, Carver. 

B. 1750. 

M'd Eebecca Hickliiif 



)SEPH. 



lAAC. 



fMARY Rebecca Theresa. EzeiI 
B. April 16, 1788. B. 

D. September 25, 1874. M'd E\l 



James Jackson, 
D. July 5, 1839. 



Mary Rebecca. 



EZEK 

D. 1 



Eliza 



1 field 1638. 
vAu 1G44. 
.ston, 1680, 
I 95 yrs. 



t Sister Ste. Claire. 



ice, for which 
n this s^.cetch. 

^d. 

mst 21st, 1876. 



in Mtinoxiam. 




ORDER OF ST. URSULA. 



/ 



Pretiosa in conspectu Domini mors Sane- 
torum ejus. Ps. 115: 15. 




Cbarlestofon : 

ADVERTISER PRESS. 

I 8y6. 



fl4 



T O 



THIS SKETCH 

OP 

iHarg IS^eftecca Wi)zxtm JBeiBogta 

Is most respectfully Inscribed 

By her Kittsman, 

B. F, De COSTA, 

Easter, 1876. 



SISTER SAINTE CLAIRE. 



^^ISTF.R S AINTE CLAIRE, known in the world as 
^ Mary Rebecca Theresa De Costa, was born in Bos- 
ton, April 16tli, 1788, and died at the Ursuline Convent, 
New Orleans, September 25th, 1874. Sister Sainte 
Claire was a descendant of an old Boston family, be- 
ing the daughter of Ezekiel Carver and Rebecca 
Hickling De Costa, and representing the sixth genera- 
tion in that city ; her remote ancestors being from 
France. 

The childhood of Sister Sainte Claire was marked 
by no striking event, though at an early age her 
thouorhts received a reliirions direction. On the occa- 
sion of attending church at a time when the Mass was 
being performed with marked solemnity, she appears 
to have received an impression that practically decided 
the entire course of her life. Her clearness of reli- 
gious apprehension was such, that at the age of sixteen 
she made a formal declaration of her faith ; though it 
was not until seven years later that she received the 
Rite of Confirmation at the hands of the Right Rev- 
erend Dr.de Cheverus, (afterwards Cardinal), but then 
Bishop of Boston. 

From this period her taste for the religious vocation 
exhibited a rapid development, her devout character 
and modest bearing winning the respect of all by 
whom she was know^n. By Bishop de Cheverus, Sis- 
ter Sainte Chure was highly esteemed. That distin- 
guished prelate himself doubtless anticipated what 
would be her final choice ; for which the way, jorovi- 
dentally, was being prepared. (5) 



At about that period, Mr. Thayer, formeily a Prot- 
estant, and then a clergyman of Boston, liad resolved 
to devote his patrimony to the establishment of a Con- 
vent of Ursulines in his native city. While residing 
in Limerick, Ireland, he made the acquaintance of 
a pious family which contained four daughters, all of 
whom devoted their lives to the Ursuline Order,* three 
of them crossing the ocean to lay the foundation of 
the Convent in Boston. 

May 4th, 1817, the Misses Mary and Catharine 
Rj'an, both of whom were thoroughly educated and 
accomplished, sailed from Limerick, in the ship Vic- 
tory, for Boston, where they safely arrived, being joy- 
fully received. Soon after they pioceeded to Three 
liivers,t Canada, to pass their novitiate in the Ursuline 
Convent at that place. In the meanwhile the Con- 
vent in Boston was being prepared. 

October 4th, 1817, the two sisters made their pro- 
fession at Three Rivers, choosing respectively the 
names of Mary St. Joseph and Mary St. Madelaine. 
Proceeding to Boston they took ])osssession of their 
little convent, which adjoined the Episcopal residence 



*Fonnded in 1537, by Ano^ela Mereci, of Brescia (canonized 
May 2iih, 1807). It was originally designed to be tsiniply a 
sisterhood for nursing the sick, relieving the needy, and'in- 
structing poor girls. The members were allowed t) live in 
their own families. Soon after the death of the foundress, 
the sisters began to wear a common dress. Thirty years later, 
the association spread into various parts of Italy. By degrees, 
the members began to live together and choose"^ superiors. In 
1601:, the association in Paris, under Madelaine de Ste. Beuve, 
accepted the rule of St. Augustine, and assumed solemn vows, 
being confirmed as an Order hy the Pope and the King in 1612. 
Without abandoning the work of caring for the sick and jjoor, 
they are mainly devoted to the education of young ladies. Not 
long since, tlie Order in North America numbered seventeen 
communities. 

t The Convent at Three Rivers was established at the sugges- 
tion of Bishop St. Valier, December 21, l(il)7, the first Superior 
of the convent l)eing Mother Bronet de Jesus. Tliis convent 
has had its trials, and has been twice destroyed hy fire, once 
in 1752, and again in 1806. This institution has a hospital 
and school, and a large number enjoy the benefit of both, free. 
I have to acknowledge the politeness of tlie Superior in re- 
sponding to my inquiries, and especially t)ie frequent assistance 
of Sister Mary St. Joseph, who was a personal friend of Sister 
Sainte Claire, and whose rich memory has rendered her letters 
of very great value. It was she wlio" brought her sister out of 
the convent of Mount Benedict as related on page — . 



and the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, situated in Fed- 
eral street. A grille only separated the church from 
the convent, the choir of the latter commanding a 
view of the interior of the former. Thus the Kuns 
enjoyed every religious advantage, and heard sermons 
every Sunday. The Convent had been built under 
the direction of Bishop de Cheverus, and as already 
indicated, with funds provided by Rev. Mr. Thayer 
who, in the meanwhile had passed away from earth. 

The tirst novice received into the community was 
Sister Mary Sainte Claire ; Sister Mary St. 
Martha, being the second. It was on New Year's 
Eve, 182U, that Sister Sainte Claire assumed those 
vows by which she renounced the world. The cere- 
mony of reception was private, the Bishop presiding, 
and only a few pupils being present, in addition to the 
members of the community. 

And it should be noticed here, that Sister Sainte 
Claire entered upon the Conventual life at a mature 
age, after the ex[)iration of the period during which a 
mere romanticism often seizes upon the soul, and 
before reaching the point at which some natures are 
liable to be overtaken by apathy and despair. Sister 
Sainte Claire carried with her to the cloister a heart 
fully alive to the beauties and joys as well as to the 
sorrows of the world, not deeming the convent the 
chainel house of blasted hopes and disappointed affec- 
tions, but rather the congenial abode of simple faith 
and ardent love ; the resort of those who conseci-ate 
themselves to that which, in their case, they deem the 
superior vocation. 

Every person conversant with history understands 
that the conventual system may be abused and the 
discipline relaxed, until life in the cloister drops 
down to the low plane upon which the average Pro- 
testant would so often view it; yet justice calls us to 
amend the false conception, to eliminate the element of 
vain regret, of craven fear, and slothful ease. These 
things may sometimes be accidents, but never the 
essentials of monastic life ; which was designed for vig- 
orous growth ; a life not only of sanctiHed thought, 
but of holy action. This life is indeed comparatively 
concealed, yet it is hidden for a purpose, like the 
leaven in the measures of meal. Those who would 



8 

appreciate this, should consult Montalembert, where 
he treats of the high service of prayer.* Men leave 
the world, at times, for the world's good. This renun- 
ciation implies neither contempt for the world nor the 
claim of superior sanctity ; though at the same time 
it may indicate the desire for a sanctity that a class of 
persons believe they may not otherwise attain. In a 
word it is claimed that conventual discipline affords 
only 'one of those methods by which Christianity lifts 
up to itself and hallows the humblest duties and rela- 
tions of life. Says the " Ursuline Manual: " " The 
most exalted sanctity is attainable in every state and 
condition of life, provided, that it is embraced in com- 
pliance with the will of God, and its particular obli- 
gation faithfully discharged, for His love." 

Such, at least, is the opinion of that Church, in 
accordance with whose discipline Sister Sainte Claire 
humbly walked, and in whose communion she so 
peacefully died. Evidently she had but one ambition, 
which was to do her duty in that state of life to which 
she believed herself called. Asking for nothing more,, 
she deemed that, — 

"The trivial round, the common task, 
Would furnish all we ought to ask; 
Room to deny ourselves; a road 
To bring us daily nearer God." 

It was in accordance with this conviction that Sister 
Sainte Claire decided to enter the Order of Ursula 
as a Lay Sister, and it was this which led her to de- 
cline to take those steps which were necessary in 

* Montalembert says: " Le premier de tons les services con- 
feraieut les nioines a la societe chretienne, c'etait done de 
prier, de prier beaucoup, de j)rier ton jours pour tons ceux qui 
prient inal ou ne prient point. La Chretiente honorait et esti- 
mait surtout en eux ceite immense force d' intercession, ces 
supplications toujour fervente, ces torrent de prieres sans cesse 
versees aux pied du Dieu qui vent qu' on Timplore." — Les 
Monies D' Occident, vol. 1, p. xlviii. 

On this same subject Montalembert quotes Chrysostora: 
"Age vers et illud insuper exaniinemus qnanam in parte mon- 
achus qua contra in parte Rex subditis beneficus sit. Igitur 
hie quideni anrum largitur, ille vero spiritus gratiam. Fraiterea 
idem hie dum bonus est paupartem salvit, ille autem animas 
do3moniutM tyrannide oppressas precibus liberat." — Vomparatio 
rec/is et Monachi, C. 4. Paris Translation. 



order to become a Cha3iir Religious. Like Martha, of 
Bethany, she would busy herself with serving. 
Though j30ssessing all the chara'j' eristics of a superior 
mind, which she continued to ioiprove during the 
entire course of her long life, by reading and reflec- 
tion, no work appeared too humble ; and at different 
times she exercised a general supervision of household 
duties, though, generally, she acted as Infirmarian. Yet, 
whatever may have been the work, it was invariably 
well done, and won the approval of the Community. 

Sister Sainte Claire entered upon her conventual 
duties with zeal ; and, though at first comparatively 
light, they soon increased as the community grew in 
numbers, and the clientele was enlarged. But let us 
now return to the Boston Convent. 

The members next received were the third Miss 
Ryan (^Margaret) afterwards Sister Mary St. Augus- 
tine, and Mrs. Catharine Molineux, known as Mary 
St. Angela. Mrs. Molineux, a widow, was Miss Ryan's 
cousin. The rece[)tion of the two latter was public. 
Having previously undergone their Novitiate at Three 
Rivers, they came to Boston and assumed their vows, 
standing before the high altar of the cathedral. Bishop 
de Cheverus presiding. Soon after the community was 
increased by the addition of Sister Mary St. John 
(Miss Elizabeth Harrison) and Sister Mary St. Fran- 
cis (Catherine Wiseman). All these accessions at- 
tracted public attention, and the subject was discussed 
in the public press; but a timely exposition of the 
objects of the institution allayed the excitement, and 
the work of the community soon met with much favor. 

Yet unexpected changes came, and, before six years 
had flown by, no less than three of the Sisters were 
taken away by death. In the meanwhile, also, the first 
patron of the convent had been called to France by 
Louis XVIH., where, as Cardinal de Cheverus, he was 
honored among the greatest and most saintlv of the 
land. The successor of Monseigneur de Cheverus, 
Bishop Fenwick, was equally interested in the welfare 
of the little convent.* Yet he could not stay the 

*In connection -aith this subject I have to acknowledge my 
obligations to Dontor -Jolin Gilmary Shea, who has lahfTecl much 
in connection with the hirftory of the religious oidirs in the 
United States. 



10 

hand of death. In fact, the situation of the building 
proved unhealthy, and the loss of the three members 
of the community I'eferred to was generally attributed 
to the badness of the air. Sister St. Angela died in 
1822, and Sister St. Magdalene followed her. The 
Superior, Mother Mary St. Joseph, was the next to 
fail ; and, finding that her end was approaching, she 
wrote to Quebec, earnestly imploring that ancient 
community of Ursulines to send her a successor. In 
accordance with this request, Mary Edmond St. 
George (Mary Ursula Moffat) was selected. The 
new Supei'ior reached Boston a few days before the 
decease of Mother St. Joseph, and labored to the ut- 
most in administering aid and consolation to the sor- 
rowing community. 

It now being clear that a change was necessary, 
the little convent was sold to Bishop Fenwick, and 
arrangements were made for the erection of a beauti- 
ful building on Mount Benedict, then a part of 
Chatlestown, but now included within the limits of 
Somerville. 

The Sisters left Boston early one summer morning, 
in July, 1826, and about six o'clock reached a little 
brick house at the side of Mount Benedict, which was 
to serve as their home until the convent was finished. 
Sister Sainte Claire, of course, accompanied the com- 
munity, to which she was devotedly attached, la 
these narrow quarters they lived until April, 1828. 
But even here the little band was overshadowed by 
death, and here the last of the three Miss Ryans 
passed away. Sister St. Augustine died August 11th, 
1827. 

Before her departure, she requested Bishop Fen- 
wick to have her taken up into the cupola of the con- 
vent, then approaching completion, in order that she 
might enjoy the prospect. Like Moses on Pisgah, 
she viewed the Promised Land, and, descending, was 
borne to her apartment in the little house at the side 
of the hill, and a few days afterward passed peace- 
fully to her reward. 

In 1828, the convent was finished, and the commu- 
nity, now numbering eleven persons, took possession 
of their new home. 

In selecting sites the founders of Monastic estab- 



11 

lishments have, generally, when possible, fixed upon 
situations niarked by natural beauty. And that of 
Mount Benedict was one of unusual loveliness, espec- 
ially at the early period of which I write. The 
summit of the hill commanded extensive views in all 
directions, including the valleys of the sinuous Mystic 
and the silvery Charles, the green slopes of Bunker 
Hill, the distant city, the harbor and the sea. Though 
in the world, the convent was not of the world, the 
too close approach of which was guarded against by 
ample and delightful grounds. Indeed, there was 
nothing for miles around to disturb the quiet and 
repose of monastic life, the mercantile wants of the 
community finding their fullest expression in th« 
noiseless traffic of the drowsy canal, which formed the 
boundary of the grounds on the north-easterly side. 

The interior of the convent received its tone from 
the tranquil scenes without, and peace reigned in the 
establishment, which, in all its appointments, was 
characterized by a refined simplicity. The days came 
and went, the Sisters in their various capacities quietly 
and lovingly performing their duties, the sweet-toned 
bells alternately marking the hours of labor and 
prayer. 

Yet to-day all is changed, and the convent is no 
more. The crumbling wails indeed remain ; and, in 
walking about it is an easy task to assign the positions, 
and say : here was the Refectory, there the Dortoirs^ 
the Saion, and the Community ; and, finally, one may 
quote from the description of a beautiful ruin in 
Brittany, " La Garraye," which, like that of Mount 
Benedict, was the creation of a blind mob, and say, — ■ 

"This was the chapel, that the stair; 
Here, where all lies damp and bare, 
The fragrant thurible was swung-, 
The silver lamp in beauty hung." 

But the incense will never float upward again. For a 
^Qw seasons the wdld flower may continue to pour out 
its fragrance upon the summer air, while for lamps 
there will be the light of the constant stars ; and then, 
perhaps, the so-called march of improvement will 
sweep the vine-clad ruins away. But we are antici- 
pating. 



12 

When the community entered its new home, Sister 
Sainte Claire, in common with the rest, found an in- 
creased demand upon her time and strength. The 
institution rose at once to great favor and popularity, 
especially with the better class of Protestant families, 
and, erelong, the Sisters had under their charge about 
fifty pupils, drawn from various parts of the country. 
The daily care of this number of young girls was no 
light task, and the community was obliged to employ 
a considerable number of female domestics, besides 
laborers for the gardens and grounds, which were 
laid out with great taste, and cared for at considerable 
expense. In the labors of the community. Sister 
Sainte Claire was exceedingly active and ever ready 
to do all that lay in her power. She was, however, 
especially charged with the office of Infirmarian, and, 
under the physician, was chiefly responsible for the 
health of the pupils. An aged member of the Order, 
once at Mount Benedict, writes : " One was never 
afraid to ask her to do anything." This, however, is 
not the place to speak in detail of daily life in the 
convent ; and it must therefore suffice to say that six 
years rolled by filled up with labors of love ; and, 
though death* entered the little community, their 
experience was, on the whole, highly satisfactory. 
But since all things have an end, the peace of the 
convent itself was finally invaded, and in an unex- 
pected hour, the establishment was reduced to ruins. 

Circumstances having transpired for which the com- 
munity was not responsible, and over which the Sis- 
ters had no control, daring the month of August, 
1834, inflamed the minds of a class of unthinking 
people ; while cruel, malicious and unfounded reports 
industriously put in circulation, added to the excite- 
ment, thus throwing the baser sort into a passion of 
uno-overnable fury. The Selectmen of Charlestown, 
anticipating the possible result, took action with 
respect to the rumors referred to, rumors the baseness 

*Miss Margaret O'Keefe died here, and was entombed in 
the chapel of the convent garden. Her conventual name was 
Mary St. Madehiine. She made her profession only a short 
time' before her death, being desirous of so doing, though know- 
ing well that her days were drawing to a close. Sister 
Madelaine was eminently saintly in character, and her loss was 
greatly deplored. 



13 

and malignity of wbicli wei-e promptly recognized by 
thoughtful citizens, and a committee was apjjointed to 
visit the convent and report the result of their inves- 
tigations. The committee, however, moved too slowly 
as the event proved. Satuiday afternoon, August 11th, 
the visit was made, and resulted, as a matter of course, 
in the complete exoneration of the community. The 
report, however, which was intended to allay public 
excitement, was not lodged with the Boston press 
until too late for the edition of Monday morning, and 
on Monday night a ruthless mob, gathered out of all 
the countryside, did its ap[)ointed work. Yet, even 
up to the end of Monday evening, no serious catas- 
trophe was anticipated, and parents who had children 
at the convent left the grounds and returned to their 
liomes with the conviction that all would be well. 
Nevertheless, as midnight appoached the assembly of 
rioters in front of the convent began to inciease, 
and eventually a bonfire was kindled, which added to 
the excitement, and suggested what was to ccme. 
In the meanwhile the Selectmen piesented the incsy- 
nation of feebleness, even as the rioters shadowed forth 
the mind of the Fiend. At last, the mob, ]-einforced 
by additional numbers, set itself in ai'iav, attacked 
the convent, burst in the windows and doors, drove 
out the unoffending nuns and their pupils, pillaaed the 
apartments, committing eveiy atrocity that hatred and 
malice could suggest, and then aj)plied the torch. 
Soon the convent was wrapped in fiames ; and from 
its elevation on Mount Benedict, the conflagration illu- 
minated all the neighboring towns, the tongues of fire 
as they darted up into the clouds, threatening to be 
incendiaries of the sky. 

In the meanwhile, the nuns and their pupils 
driven out half clad into the night air, took their way 
towards the nearest houses to seek shelter, the poor 
children being frightened and bewildered, though the 
nuns met the dangers bravely, and showed themselves 
calm and undismayed. Wlien, however, the Sisters 
reached the little summer-house they were greatly 
alarmed by finding that one of their number, Sis- 
ter St. Augustine, was missing. Being somewhat 
seriously indisposed, she had retired to the children's 
dormitory, and, in the haste, was for the moment over- 



14 

looked. When her absence was discovered, Sister Mary 
St. Joseph hastened back to the convent in the dark, 
ail the windows and doors being then broken in. On 
entering, she met two men, who stood aside to let her 
pass, at the same time loudly condemning " Bishop 
Fenwick " for having so long kept the nuns here as 
" prisoners." Pushing on to the children's dormitory, 
she found Sister St. Augustine asleep, and awoke her, 
and " dra^^cjed more than conducted " her out of the 
convent into the garden, where they met several of 
the oldest of the scholars, who had also returned to 
search for the missing nun, and who seized her and 
carried her off "as if she were a doll." "They were 
noble-minded girls," adds my aged informant, Mere 
Mary St. Joseph, of Three Rivers, " and loved us sin- 
cerely." 

The Sister^ then left the grounds, and were kindly 
received at the residence of Mrs. Adams, while the 
children were conducted to the house of another fam- 
ily, though afterwards transferred to the former house. 
Wlien morning dawned, only the smoking walls ot the 
convent remained, while the gardens and grounds 
were trampled under foot, and the little Eden com- 
pletely destroyed. Literally nothing was left to the 
good Religious or the pupils. The funds of the convent, 
several thousand dollars, chiefly due to creditors, were 
stolen by the rioters, who destroyed furniture and val- 
uable pianos and harps, gleefully tossing the fragments 
into the flames. A portion of Bishop Fenwick's 
library alone escaped, the books being kept in a little 
lodge outside the convent walls. 

With the return of day, the members of the now 
homeless community sadly entered some closed car- 
riages, and drove away from the wreck of the retreat 
which had been rendered so beautiful b}'' their own 
industry, accepting a temporary asylum at the house 
of the Sisters of Charity, in Hamilton Place, Boston. 

The worst, however, is si ill to be told, for the sack 
of the convent doubtless cost one young and valuable 
life. Let this result be stated in the language of the 
late venerable Dr. Abraham R. Thompson, the stead- 
fast friend and vindicator of the outraged sisterhood, 
who begins an article in the Bunker Hill Aurora of 
October 25tli, 1834, as follows: " Died, on the 18th 



15 

instant, at the residence of the Ursuline Communit}, 
Brinley Place, lloxbuiy, Miss St. Henry, aged 20 
years and 6 months. This beautiful girl was sick at 
Mount Benedict when the convent was burned, and 
suffered a dreadful shock in the horrors of that awful 
night, from which she never recovered. On the fol- 
lowing morning she was removed to the house of the 
Sisters of Charity, in Boston, and lingered until the 
11th instant, when she was removed to the place where 
she died. At diis time she was so low that she could 
not stand alone, and it seemed hardly possible to re- 
move her ; but she could not bear to be separated from 
the beloved ladies of the community, and they literally 
took her and carried her over like an infant in their 
arms. She was pleased with their new situation, and 
enjoyed the scenery very much. The afternoon be- 
fore she died, her bed was turned around, so that she 
could see Mount Benedict from her window. She 
viewed it a long time, and seemed much consoled by 
the fact that Mount Benedict could be so distinctly 
seen from Brinley Place. During the course of her 
illness, so far from manifesting any ill will against the 
ruffians, who by demolishing the convent had been 
accessory to her death, she often expressed })ity for 
them, and prayed that they might be forgiven. On 
the night of the 17th she slept soundly, and on the 18th 
departed from this to a better world." The writer 
has also been informed that the funeral of Sister St. 
Henry was one of a marked character. The Marquis 
de la Fayette had but recently died, and arrangements 
had been made for elaborate obsequies. At the last 
moment, however, the order was changed, and the hon- 
ors intended for the soldier were transferred to the nun. 
But notwithstanding the magnitude of the disaster, 
the community was not altogether cast down ; and, 
resolving not to remain idle, as already indicated, 
they secured a house in Brinley Place, Roxbury, and 
undertook to repair their fallen fortunes. In this, 
however, they were not successful ; and so poor was 
the prospect that Sister Sainte Claire and others early 
decided to repair to the Ursuline Convent* at Que- 

*Tlie Ursalines were established at Quebec by Madame De 
la Peltrie, a widow of rank and fortune, who devoted all that 
she possessed to her work. Their first couveut was built iu 



16 

bee, leaving the Superior and two Sisters to look after 
the general interests. 

October 22nd, Sister Sainte Claire, in the company 
of four others, set out from Roxbury for Quebec, 
traversing what, half a century ago, was a rude wil- 
derness, resolved to seek a refuge with the nuns of her 
order wlio had lonir been established there. The coii- 



inil, and dpstroyefl by fire, Dec. 30,1650. January 21, 16~1, 
they entered the private residence of Madame de la Peltrie, 
which hud been prepared for their reception. Tliis huildins: 
was in turn destroyed by a conflasration, but such was tlie 
estimation in wbicli the sisters were held, that on the following 
year the convent was rebuilt, the community in the interval 
finding refuge for tlie second time with tbe Hospitalieres. 
The convent occupies seven acres of ground within its own fief 
of St. Joseph, near Garden Street. The cliapel dedicated to St. 
Ursula is ninety-tive feet by forty-five, tiie nave being open to 
the public, and the portion behind the grating connecting with 
the convent. It is a plain but interesting building, and C(m- 
tains a marble slab to the mennry of Marquis de Montcalm, 
whose remains are said to rest witlun the precincts of the con- 
vent. There are also some good pictures (ui the walls. 

Miss Holt, in her •' Autobiographical Sketch," speaking of 
early life s.iys, "I was placed as a day scholar at the Ursuline 
Convent. It was then the best school in the city for girls, and 
as an educational establishment I think it has never been sur- 
passed, * * * Reserved, quiet, and rather studiously in- 
clined, the cloister life attracted me j)owerfully. The black- 
veiled nuns, with their dark flowing robes, the long and silent 
corridors, with their low, mysterious-looking doors, religu)us 
services in the 'Choeur,' where the voices of the Sisters mingled 
with the soft notes of the organ, the lighted and beautifully- 
decorated altar, all combined to captivate my childish fancy, 
and the ardent affection, bordering on idolatry, which I felt for 
some of the kind nuns, completed the charm. Even now, 
worn and speist with the battle of life, it refre.^-hes me to look 
back on those peaceful convent days, and could my reason 
assent to the dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church, it is with- 
in those walls, that I would pass the nMiniinder of my life.* ** 
The annual exau)inations, attended by relatives an d friends 
admitted by tickets, presented a pretty scene. The immense 
room was generally densely pa(d<ed on every side. Tlie walls and 
pillars, decked Avith evergreen and wreathed with roses, con- 
trasted well with the white dresses of the pupils, each class 
distinguished by a different colored badge, a pink,— green, 
f«carlet, or blue sash worn over the left shoulder. After 
the more serious exercises in the arena, of art and science, the 
comiiany were enlivened by various little dramas, performed 
by the puj)ils. Then came tlie thrilling moment precediuL' the 
crowning of the victors— the parting address in the rich tone« 
of good old Father IMagiiire, and the final announcement, 'JNIes 
enfants, la seance est termint'e.' " 

I am very greatly indebted to the Superior of this convent, 
and to the Assi-^tant, Sister St. Thomas, for valuable commu- 
nications and various acts of that (Considerate and disinterested 
kindness so characteristic of the Order. 



17 

vent was practically French, like the city itself, which 
alone of all the North American cities atfbrds a tolera- 
ble representation of an European city of the iifteeuth 
and sixteenth centuries. 

The nuns travelled in a closed carriage, drawn by 
three horses, under the conduct of a skilful and trusty 
coachman, passing through New Hampshire to Bur- 
lington, Vermont, where they embarked upon Lake 
Cliamplain for St. Johns. Thence they proceeded 
over a rough road to Montreal, resting at the latter 
place, in the Hotel Dieu^ for eight days. At a public 
house in New Hampshire the good Religious were 
considered a phenomenon at least ; for when they 
entered the peo[)le who were there before them not 
only rose, but jumped up from the tables and beat a 
precipitate retreat. The Sisters, though sori-y on 
account of the consternation which they created, nev- 
ertheless indulged in a smile. Bucolic simplicity was 
easily alarmed. 

The little company of wanderers reached Quebec 
on the eve of All Saints, (November 1st) and were 
joyfully received by the community. Here those who 
did not already know the French language thoroughly 
set about the study ; Sister Sainte Claire finding im- 
mediate use for her knowledge and skill in the In- 
firmary. 

But the subject of this sketch was not long allowed 
to remain in the peaceful quiet of the cloister, as the 
trial of the rioters was appointed to take place in De- 
cember, and it was found necessary for her to return 
to Boston. In company with Sister St. John (Miss 
Elizabeth Harrison), Sister Sainte Claire took up the 
long journey under the protection of Mr. Kilchern, 
the Russian Consul, who had been deputed by Bishop 
Fenwick to conduct them to Boston. Sister Sainte 
Claire appeared in court at Cambiidge, December 1 Gth, 
when she gave a clear and suscinct account of the 
burning of the convent, and also identified a piece of 
silver plate. 

This " trial," in the heated state of the public mind, 
proved well nigh a farce; though at a subsequent 
period a young man was convicted, and sentenced to 
prison for life. He was afterwards pardoned, on the 
petition of Bishop Fenwick, and the members of the 



18 

Sisterhood which had suffered so cruelly through his 
crime. And this acL shows tlie animus of the Ursu- 
lines from first to last; while the citizens of Boston, 
led by the most enlightened and candid men of the 
community, being assembled in Faneuil Hall, declared, 
after the most minute investigation of all the facts of 
the case, that the honor of the inmates of the convent 
was without stain. This work of supererogation done, 
for no man whose opinion was worthy of regard had 
ever entertained for a moment the base insinuations 
which un[)rinci[)led adventurers had scattered abroad, 
next declared that the good .Ursnlines should be in- 
demnified for their losses, which amounted to fifty 
thousand dollars ; but the assembly unfortunately 
dissolved without providing the indemnification. 
Afterwards the State Legislature listened to several 
petitions on the subject, put itself in a sympathetic 
attitude, and was really very sorry ; but action ap- 
pearing somewhat more just than 'politic, nothing 
was done. And thus for more than two score years 
the blackened ruins of ]Mount Benedict have stood, 
mutely looking towards Bunker Hill, forming a keen 
sarcasm upon the administration of justice, and a 
monument to perpetuate the memory of a most con- 
spicuous and nnatoned violation of human rights. 
Sister Sainte Claire, however, had, amongst her heir- 
looms, the following bit of French: — " Ce qui est 
di^ere n'est pas perdu.'" 

Sometime during July of the following year, 1835, 
the community in Brinley Place* was broken up, it 
being clear that nothing could then be accomplished, 
especially as the authoi-ities of the State had failed to 
meet their claims. The Superior, Sister St. Geoige, 
conducted the little company to Quebec, being at- 
tended by the Rev. J. Maguire, S. J., Chaplain of the 
Ursulines in that city, wh.o at this time was returning 
thither from a visit to Rome. Sister Sainte Claire 
departed with this little band, arriving safely at her 
destination. 

The Sisters remained quietly at their duties in the 

* Brinley Plnce is the "Dearb .rn Estate," formerly ownpd by 
Gen. H. A. S. L><-!ivborn, son of Gen. H. Dearborn, of Revolu- 
tionary fame. The Redemptoiist Fathers are now buildius an 
elegant church on this site. 



19 

convent of Quebec, \^here tliey were most hospitnbly 
received, until the year 1838, Sister Sainte Claii-e 
serving as Intirmarian, her favorite role. Some of the 
pupils connected with the convent at that peiiod 
have passed away from earth, but not a few of those 
who remain think of her with feelings of love and 
respect, and vivid^ly remember her unvarying kind- 
ness and tender care. 

On the 17th of September, 1838, Bishop Fenwick, 
having decided to make an effort to restore the con- 
vent in the diocese of Boston, Sister Sainte Claire 
and others once more commenced the journey to JNIas- 
sachusetts under the care of the Eev. Mr. Maguire, 
and reached that city in safety, near the close of the 
month. The house selected was in Quincy Place, 
near Fort Hill, where they were duly installed ; Sis- 
ter St. Benedict (Miss JNJary Barbour*) being Supe- 
rior, and Sister St. Joseph (INliss Harrison) Assistant. 
But this effort likewise failed, as the State still 
neglected to indemnify the community for its heavy 
losses. Therefore, in 1840, there being no accessions 
to their ranks, and the prospect for the futuie a])pear- 
ing so gloomy, it was finally resolved to disband. 
While the Sisters lived in Quincy Place they weie 
treated with great kindness, especially by their 
neighbors, one of whom, I am informed, though a 
professional gentleman, manifested his sympathy with 
them by coming to the house in the winter and 
shovelling away the snow from their doorsteps. 

It was in the month of April that the community 
separated, sad, but resigned, it being felt by the Sis- 
ters that Providence did not intend to favor their 
designs at that particular time. The Su|)erior and 
Sister St. John went to Quebec ; Sister St. Joseph 
(Miss OTveefe) and Sister St. Ursula (jMiss Chace) 
went to Three Rivers, arriving there April 23 ; while 
Sister S;-iiut Ambrosef and Sister Sainte Claire 

* Miss Barbour was the daughter of an Episcopal cleriryman, 
who became a {)iiest of the Roman Church. Two other dauiih- 
ters alst) became Ursuluies; ai,d a fourth, wiih ' er mother, 
entered the community of Vii«itation Nuns at Georgetown, D.C. 
Miss Barb ur died at Quebec, May 1, 1848. 

t SisterSt Ambrosediedat Galveston, Texas, whither she went 
to found a new house of the order. 



20 

departed for the convent at New Orleans.* Another 
Sister, Mary St. Augustine, also a Miss O'Keefe, and 
now Superior of the convent at New Orleans was 
detained at Boston by sickness, and did not reach the 
southern convent until October of the following year. 

Sister Sainte Claire proceeded to her destination 
by water, and, on reaching New Orleans, in Novem- 
ber, 1840, was most affectionately received by the 
members of the community, in which she was des- 
tined to pass the remaining portion of her long and 
active life. 

From this time forward her history was quite 
uneventful. Occupied with her duties, which were 
chiefly those of the Infirmarian, her da\s glided peace- 
fully by, until at last her strength failed, and, in her 
turn, she was obliged to become the recipient of the 
same tender care that she had been wont to lavish 
upon others. It was not, however, until she had 
spent half a century in the active duties of her Order 
that she took up her abode in the Infirmary. But 
even there, though suffering from weakness and pain, 
she was never idle ; indeed, as the Superior wrote, 
under date of February 25th, 1874, Sister Sainte Claire 
" is very active for a person of her age ; she can read, 
knit, and even sew, without glasses. She is always 
cheerful and happy, and is much beloved by the 
members of the community." At this time there was 
no symptom to "make us fear for her life ; " though 

* The ancient Ursuline Convent of New Orleans was estab- 
HsheJ by the French government in 1727, and was situated 
in Conde street. It was built in the Tuscan composite style, and 
its antique appearance rendered it an object of interest. It was 
occupied by the Ursulines until 1824, when they sold the piop- 
erty (afterwards used by the State Legislature, and, still later, 
by the bishop as his residence) and purchased Ihnds two miles 
below the city, where the new convent was built. The main 
building is of brick, the front two hundred feet long, with two 
wings in the rear, this forming three sides of a square. There 
is accommodation for about forty nuns, and has a chapel adjoin- 
ing the apartments of the Sisters. Near by is the house of the 
priests. The convent has two hundred and forty acres of land 
attached, a part of which is low ground covered with woods. 
The institution is beautifully situated, and the ganlens and 
walks are admirably arranged. The situation is also healthy, 
and the views of the river are charming. The convent is well 
endowed. I ara indebted to the present Superior. Mere St. 
Augustine, for valuable assistance in the preparation of this 
sketch of Sister Sainte Claire. 



21 

a few months after Sister Sainte Claire was no more. 
Her decease was, therefore, on the whole, somewhat 
unexpected ; and on September 2oth, 1875, she calmly 
passed from earth to heaven. 

Sister St. Seraphine, in announcing this event, 
says: " Our dear Sister's health was as good as usual, 
until a few days previons to her death, when she 
complained of a pain and difficulty in breatliing. 
Her strength rapidly declined, and after four days of 
suffering, she expired, her intellectual faculties unim- 
paired to the last moment. I need not say how much 
we all regret her, on account of her many virtues and 
her amiable, cheerful disposition. I am confident 
that your saintly aunt is now in heaven." 

Two days afterwards, September 27th, the mortal 
remains of Sister Sainte Claire were laid in the tomb 
of the convent cemetery, the entire community taking 
part in the obsequies. The officiating priest was the 
Reverend A. Siraond, S. J., assisted by the Reverend 
V. Boudard, Chaplain of the convent. 

The announcement of Sister Sainte Claire's decease, 
throuoh a beautiful and feelinof circular, having; been 
made to all the members of the order in North Amer- 
ica, the suffrages of all were faithfully accorded. 

A slip of paper found in one of the books of Sister 
Sainte Claire bore the following: — 

"What have I desired in Heaven or Earth but 
Thee, thou God of my heart, and my portion for- 
ever ; my Jesus, I devote myself wholly to thee; I 
wish for nothing but Thee ; O thou God of my heart, 
I wish for nothing more. Paler — Ave — Gloria Patri."'' 

A little French picture of the Infancy of Jesus also 
impressed her mind, and seems to have been constantly- 
near her. It bore a motto from St. John's Gospel : — 

" Je vous ai donne rexam[)le, afin que pensant a ce 
que J'ai fait; vous le fassiez aussi." 

iij corresponding with lier 'amily, Sis<er Sainte 
niaiio cvp'essed her complete satisfaction with ihe 
iito tha:-- sho had chosen, which \va.^ evidently onj of 
peaco and joy. Thor<gh fo]' iT.any veari ncpara'.ed 
Tom her 'viudred, sho nevej* appeared to love ihem 



22 

less, because she loved her chosen service more. The 
writer very well remembers a visit made to her when 
still but a child, and the affectionate warmth with 
which he was received. Of her kindred, Sister Sainte 
Claire spoke down to those last moments when the 
lips refused their office ; "■ and I am confident," says 
the Superior, " that she is now in heaven praying for 
you." 

In her girlhood Sister Sainte Claire was noted for the 
liveliness and natural gaiety of her disposition. And 
these traits were never lost. Her temperament was 
eminently cheerful, and there was in her nature a 
vein of natural happiness. This made her society in 
old age enjoyable. She was fond of witty remarks, 
and capable of making them. But though of such 
quick perception and excellent intelligence, the relig- 
ious sentiment dominated over all. Sister Sainte 
Claire was truly humble and devout ; and as time 
rolled on it appeared that, — 

•' Her hopes, her fears, her joys were all 
Bounded within the cloister wall." 

Nothing could interrupt the calm flow of religious 
feeling, or shake her love for her Saviour and God ; 
and thus, when the end came, she was found ready to 
pass into the unseen land, — the land of the nightless 
day and the winterless year, — there to meet, eye to 
eye, Him whom she had known by faith upon Earth, 
and who was all in all. 



REQUIESCAT IN PACE. 



APPENDIX, 



THE DESTRUCTION OF THE CONVENT. 

*'Soon after sunset, several persons were seen at the gate of 
the avenue leading from the road to the convent, and on being 
inquired of concerning the reason of being there, gave evasive 
and impertinent answers; but [there] was nothing in their lan- 
guage or numbers which led to the belief that a serious riot was 
to be apprehended. Soon after 9 o'clock, the rioters began to 
assemble in considerable numbers, arriving on foot and in 
wagoas from ditferent quarters; and a party of about forty or 
fifty persons proceeded to the front of the building, using vio- 
lent aijd abusive language. They were addressed by the lady 
at the head of the eetabiishment, who, desiring to know their 
wishes, was leplied to, that they wanted to enter and see the 
person alleged to be secreted. She answered that their select- 
men had th^t day visited the house, and that any of them, on 
the [ir] calling the next day at a suitable hour, might see for 
themselves; at the same time remonstrating against such viola- 
tions of the peac • and of the repose of so many children of their 
most reputable citizens. Shortly afterward, the same or another 
party, with increased numbers, approached the convent, using 
still more threatening, and much gross and indecent language. 
The lady above referred to again addressed tbem in terais of 
remonstrance and reproach, and desired to know whether none 
of their selectmen were present. Some of them replied that 
there was one, mentioning his name. He then came forward 
and announced his presence, stating that he was there for the 
purpose of defending her. She inquired whether he had pro- 
cured the attendance of ar.y other of the board; and u|jon 
being answered in the negative, replied that she would not 
trust the establishment to his protection, and that if he came 
there to protect them, he would show it by taking measures to 
disperse [the mob]. It appe^'rs from vari. us testimony that he 
did attempt to dissuade the rioters from their design, by assur- 
ances that the selectmen had seen the nun wbo was supposed 
to h ve been secreted, and that the stories reported concerning 
her were untrue; but his assertions only drew forth expres- 
sions of distrust and insult. The mob continued on the ground 
with much noise and tumult, and were in that state left by 
this magistrate, who returned home and retired to bed. 

At about eleven o'clock a bonfire was kindled on the land of 
Alva Kelley, adjoining that of the eastern boundary of the 
convent, and distant about two hundred and seventy yards 



24 

from the buildinjr, the fences of which were taken for the pur- 
pose. This is believed to have been a concerted signal for the 
assembhiji:e of all concerned in tlie plot. The bells were then 
runi^ as for an alarm of fire in Cliarlestown and in this cit/ 
[Boston], and great multitudes arrived from all quarters. 
Upon this ahirm the magistrate above mentioned arose, and 
proceeded to jjrocure the attendance of others of the sel»^ctmen. 
In the meantini:, the Cliarlestown engines, and some from Bos- 
ton had arrived, one of the latter of which, passing those of 
Cliarlestown, which had halted opposite the botitire, immediate- 
ly proceeded into the avenue leading to the convent, where her 
arrival was greeted with a shout from some of the rioters upon 
the hill and among the shrubbery, many of whom, seizing hold 
of the rope, proceeded with her up the avenue, arouml the 
circular walk, to the front of the building, when the attack was 
instantly commenced by the breaking of fences a .d the hurling 
of stones and clubs against the windows and doors; Upon this, 
the engine, by order of the commander, was immediately car- 
ried down into the road, and stationed opposite to the gate, 
where it remained during the night. At the time of this attack 
upon the convent, tliere were within the walls about s.xty 
female children and ten adults, one of whom was in the last 
stage of consumption, anotlier suffering under convulsion fits, 
and the ujiliajjpy female who had been the immediate cause of 
the excitement was in a raving delirium. No warning was 
jfi'ven of the intended assault nor could the raitcreants by whom 
it was made have known whether their missiles might kill or 
wound the helpless inmates of this devoted dwelling. Folt-u- 
nat'^ly for thtm, cowardice prompted what mercy and manhood 
denied; after the first attack, the assailants paused awhile, from 
the tear that some secret force was concealed in the eonvent or 
in amhush to surprise them; and in this interval the governess 
was enabled to secure the retreat of her little flock of terrified 
Sisters into t'le garden. But before this was fully effected, the 
rioters, finding they had nothing but women and children to 
contend against, reijained their courage, and ere all the inmates 
could escape, entered the building. It appears that duriiiii these 
proceedings tlie magistrate above referied to, with another of 
the selectmen, had arrived, and entered the convent with the 
rioters, for the purpose, as they state, of assisting its inmates. 
The mob had now full possession of the house, and loud cries 
were heard fir torches and lights. One of the magistrates in 
question availed himself of this cry to deter the rioters from 
firing the building, by stating that if lights were brought t' ey 
might be detected. Three or four torches, which were, or 
precisely resembled engine torches, were then brought up from 
the road, and immediately u{)on their arrival, the rioters pro- 
ceeded into every room in the buildinir, rifling every drawer, 
desk, and trunk which they found, and breaking up and de 
stroying all the furniture, and cistinir much of it from the 
window's; sacrificing, in their brutal fury, costly piano-fortes, 
and harps, and other valuable instruments, the little treasures 
of the clnldren, abandoned in their hasty fliirht, and even the 
vessels and symbols of Christian worship After having ran- 
sacked every room in the buildiuir, ^hey proceeded With great 
deliberation, about one o'clock, to make preparations for set- 
ting fire to it For this purpose broken furniture, books, cur- 
tains, and other combustible materials, were placed in the 



25 

centre of several of the rooms; and, as if in mockery of God as 
well as of man, the Bible was cast, with shouts of exultation, 
upon the pile first kindled; and as upon this was subsequently 
thrown the vestments used in religious service, and the orna- 
ments of the altar, their shouts and yells were repeated. Nor 
did they cease until the cross was wrenched from its place and 
cast into the flames, as the final triumph of this tiendhke enter- 
prise. But the work of destruction did not end here. Soon 
after the convent was in flames, the rioters passed on to the 
library, or Bishop's lodge, which stood near, and after throw- 
ing the books and pictures from the windows, a prey to those 
without, fired that also Some time afterwards they proceeded 
to the farm-house formerly occupied as the convent, and mak- 
ing a similar a^saul' with stones and clui/S upon the doors and 
windows, in order to ascertain whether they had anything to 
fear from persons within, the torches were deliberately applied 
to the building; and, unwilling to have one object connected 
with the establishment to escape their fury, although the day 
had broken, and ihe three buildings were in flames, or reduced 
to ashes, the extensive bam, with its contents, was in like 
manner devoted to destruction. And not content with all this, 
they burst open the tomb of the establishment, rifled it of the 
sacred vessels there deposited, wrested the plates from the 
Cf'fiiiis, and exposed to view the mouldering r'^mains of their 
tenants. Nor is this the least humiliating feature in this scene 
of cowardly and audacious violation of all that man ought to 
hold sacred and dear, that it was perpetrated in the presence of 
men vested with authority, and of multitudes of our fellow-cit- 
izens, while not one ami was lifted in defence of helpless women 
and children, or in vindication of the violated laws of God and 
man The spirit of viol nee, sacrijejce, and plunder reigned 
triumphant. Crime alone seemed to confer courage, — while 
humanity, manhood and patriotism quailed or stood irresolute 
and confounded in iti presence. — [Report of Citizens of Boston, 
contained in Bishop England's Works, Vol. v. page 237.] 



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